Mitra's IAS PHILOSOPHY REVISION SLIDES – COMPLETE UPSC SYLLABUS

Mitra's IAS PHILOSOPHY REVISION SLIDES – COMPLETE UPSC SYLLABUS

PAPER – I – REVISION SLIDES 

History and Problems of Philosophy :

1. Plato and Aristotle: Ideas; Substance; Form and Matter; Causation; Actuality and Potentiality.


2. Rationalism (Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz): Cartesian Method and Certain Knowledge; Substance; God; Mind-Body Dualism; Determinism and Freedom.


3. Empiricism (Locke, Berkeley, Hume): Theory of Knowledge; Substance and Qualities; Self and God; Scepticism.


4. Kant: Possibility of Synthetic a priori Judgments; Space and Time; Categories; Ideas of Reason; Antinomies; Critique of Proofs for the Existence of God


5. Hegel: Dialectical Method; Absolute Idealism


6. Moore, Russell and Early Wittgenstein: Defence of Commonsense; Refutation of Idealism; Logical Atomism; Logical Constructions; Incomplete Symbols; Picture Theory of Meaning; Saying and Showing.


7. Logical Positivism: Verification Theory of Meaning; Rejection of Metaphysics; Linguistic Theory of Necessary Propositions.


8. Later Wittgenstein: Meaning and Use; Language-games; Critique of Private Language.


9. Phenomenology (Husserl): Method; Theory of Essences; Avoidance of Psychologism.


10. Existentialism (Kierkegaard, Sartre, Heidegger): Existence and Essence; Choice, Responsibility and Authentic Existence; Being-in-the-world and Temporality.


11. Quine and Strawson: Critique of Empiricism; Theory of Basic Particulars and Persons.


12. Cārvāka: Theory of Knowledge; Rejection of Transcendent Entities.


13. Jainism: Theory of Reality; Saptabhaňginaya; Bondage and Liberation.


14. Schools of Buddhism; Pratītyasamutpāda; Ksanikavada, Nairātmyavāda


15. Nyāya- Vaiśesika: Theory of Categories; Theory of Appearance; Theory of Pramāna; Self, Liberation; God; Proofs for the Existence of God; Theory of Causation; Atomistic Theory of Creation.


16. Sāmkhya: Prakrti; Purusa; Causation; Liberation


17. Yoga: Citta; Cittavrtti; Klesas; Samadhi; Kaivalya.


18. Mimāmsā: Theory of Knowledge


19. Schools of Vedānta: Brahman; Īśvara; Ātman; Jiva; Jagat; Māyā; Avidyā; Adhyāsa; Moksa; Aprthaksiddhi; Pancavidhabheda


20. Aurobindo: Evolution, Involution; Integral Yoga.

(COMING SOON BELOW)

PAPER – II – REVISION SLIDES 

Socio-Political Philosophy

1. Social and Political Ideals: Equality, Justice, Liberty.


2. Sovereignty: Austin, Bodin, Laski, Kautilya.


3. Individual and State: Rights; Duties and Accountability


4. Forms of Government: Monarchy; Theocracy and Democracy.


5. Political Ideologies: Anarchism; Marxism and Socialism


6. Humanism; Secularism; Multiculturalism.


7. Crime and Punishment: Corruption, Mass Violence, Genocide, Capital  Punishment.


8. Development and Social Progress.


9. Gender Discrimination: Female Foeticide, Land and Property Rights; Empowerment.


10. Caste Discrimination: Gandhi and Ambedkar

Philosophy of Religion: 

1. Notions of God: Attributes; Relation to Man and the World. (Indian and Western).


2. Proofs for the Existence of God and their Critique (Indian and Western).


3. Problem of Evil.


4. Soul: Immortality; Rebirth and Liberation.


5. Reason, Revelation, and Faith.


6. Religious Experience: Nature and Object (Indian and Western).


7. Religion without God.


8. Religion and Morality.


9. Religious Pluralism and the Problem of Absolute Truth.


10. Nature of Religious Language: Analogical and Symbolic;


11. Cognitivist and Non- cognitive.